1. Inleiding
De bacteriën maken deel uit van het
domein van de prokaryoten. In tegendeel tot de eukaryoten
hebben ze geen kern of organellen (mitochondriën, chloroplasten
...). Ook hebben ze geen endoplasmatisch reticulum of Golgi-apparaat.
Bacteriën komen voor in vele vormen:
bolvormig (coccus), of langwerpige staafjes (bacillen), spiralvormig
enz...
2. Functionele indeling van bacteriën
vergisters
In de anaërobe vergisters worden bacteriën
geclassificeerd op basis van hun functie:
De onderstaande tabel geeft de belangrijkste
hydrolyserende bacteriën op basis van hun substraat:
Hydrolyserende
bacteriën in anaërobe vergisters |
|
Cellulolytisch |
Cellulodextrino
-lytisch |
Hémicellulo-
lytisch |
Xylodextrino
-lytisch |
Pectino- lytisch |
Amylo- lytisch |
Amylodextrino -lytisch |
Protéo-
lytisch |
Peptido- lytisch |
Lipolytisch |
Anaerovibrio lipolytica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
Clostridium aerotolerans |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clostridium aminophilum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
Clostridium longisporum |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clostridium polysaccharolyticum |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clostridium sticklandii |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
Eubacterium cellulosolvens |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eubacterium ruminantium |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
Eubacterium limosum |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fibrobacter succinogenes |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
Lachnospira multipara |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
Mitsuokella jalaludinii |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Mitsuokella multiacidus |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Prevotella albensis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
Prevotella brevis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
Prevotella bryantii |
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
x |
|
Prevotella ruminicola |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
Ruminobacter amylophilus |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
Ruminococcus albus |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
Ruminococcus bromii |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Ruminococcus flavefaciens |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
Selenomonas ruminantium |
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
Streptococcus bovis |
|
x |
|
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
Succinimonas amylolytica |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
x |
Treponema bryantii |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
Treponema saccharophylum |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
De onderstaande tabel deelt de fermentatieve
bacteriën in volgens hun substraat:
fermentatieves bacteriën in anaërobe vergisters |
|
Cellobiose |
Maltose |
Saccharose |
Glucose |
Galactose |
Fructose |
Pentosen |
Uronzurens |
Aminozuren |
Organische
zuren |
Glycarol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lactaat |
Malaat |
Fumaraat |
Succinaat |
Oxalaat |
|
Acidaminococcus fermentans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allisonella histaminiformans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anaerovibrio lipolytica |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clostridium aerotolerans |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clostridium aminophilum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clostridium longisporum |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clostridium polysaccharolyticum |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clostridium sticklandii |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eubacterium cellulosolvens |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eubacterium ruminantium |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eubacterium limosum |
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
Fibrobacter succinogenes |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lachnobacterium bovis |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lachnospira multipara |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mannheimia succiniproducens |
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Megasphaera elsdenii |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
Mitsuokella jalaludinii |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Oxalobacter formigenes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prevotella albensis |
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prevotella brevis |
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prevotella bryantii |
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prevotella ruminicola |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Propionibacterium sp. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Ruminobacter amylophilus |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ruminococcus albus |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ruminococcus flavefaciens |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Schwartzia succinivorans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
Selenomonas ruminantium |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
x |
Streptococcus bovis |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Succinimonas amylolytica |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Succiniclasticum ruminis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens |
|
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
Synergistes jonesii |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Veillonella alcalescens |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
Wolinella succinogenes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
De volgende tabel geeft een samenvatting
van de belangrijkste acetogene en sulfatoreducerende bacteriën:
acetogene en sulfato-reducerende bacteriën in anaërobe
vergisters |
|
acetogeen |
Sulfatoreducerend |
|
|
|
Acetitomaculum ruminis |
x |
|
Eubacterium limosum |
x |
|
Eubacterium oxidoreducens |
x |
|
Peptostreptococcus productus |
x |
|
Ruminococcus schinkii |
x |
|
Desulfotomaculum ruminis |
|
x |
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans |
|
x |
Desulfovibrio sp. |
|
x |
Syntrophococcus sucromutans |
|
x |
De volgende tabel classificeert bacteriën
op basis van hun belangrijke metabolieten: